# 4. Arithmetic Operators

### 4.1 Basic Arithmetic Operators

| Operator | Operation | Python Example | C Example |
|----------|-----------|----------------|-----------|
| `+` | Addition | `a + b` | `a + b` |
| `-` | Subtraction | `a - b` | `a - b` |
| `*` | Multiplication | `a * b` | `a * b` |
| `/` | Division | `a / b` | `a / b` |
| `%` | Modulus | `a % b` | `a % b` |

### 4.2 Important Division Differences

**Integer Division:**
```python
# Python 3
print(7 / 3)   # Output: 2.333...
print(7 // 3)  # Output: 2 (floor division)
```

```c
// C
printf("%f\n", 7.0 / 3.0);  // Output: 2.333333
printf("%d\n", 7 / 3);      // Output: 2 (integer division)
printf("%f\n", (float)7 / 3); // Output: 2.333333 (type casting)
```

### 4.3 Assignment Operators

| Operator | Equivalent | Python | C |
|----------|------------|--------|---|
| `=` | Basic assignment | `x = 5` | `x = 5;` |
| `+=` | Add and assign | `x += 3` | `x += 3;` |
| `-=` | Subtract and assign | `x -= 3` | `x -= 3;` |
| `*=` | Multiply and assign | `x *= 3` | `x *= 3;` |
| `/=` | Divide and assign | `x /= 3` | `x /= 3;` |
| `%=` | Modulus and assign | `x %= 3` | `x %= 3;` |

### 4.4 Increment and Decrement Operators

**Pre-increment vs Post-increment:**
```c
int x = 5;
int y, z;

y = ++x;  // Pre-increment: x becomes 6, then y = 6
z = x++;  // Post-increment: z = 6, then x becomes 7

// Equivalent operations:
x = x + 1;  // Same as x++ or ++x when used alone
x += 1;     // Same as above
```

**Python vs C:**
| Python | C |
|--------|---|
| `x += 1` | `x++` or `++x` or `x += 1` |
| `x -= 1` | `x--` or `--x` or `x -= 1` |

### 4.5 Operator Precedence

| Priority | Operators | Associativity |
|----------|-----------|---------------|
| 1 (Highest) | `++`, `--` (postfix) | Left to right |
| 2 | `++`, `--` (prefix), `+`, `-` (unary) | Right to left |
| 3 | `*`, `/`, `%` | Left to right |
| 4 | `+`, `-` (binary) | Left to right |
| 5 (Lowest) | `=`, `+=`, `-=`, etc. | Right to left |