5. Important ADC Parameters In ATmega328p
5.1 TeganganReference ReferensiVoltage (Vref)
TeganganReference ReferensiVoltage (Vref) adalahis teganganthe maksimummaximum yangvoltage menjadithat acuanserves skalaas penuhthe padafull-scale prosesreference konversiin ADC.the ADC conversion process. Vref menentukandetermines rentangthe teganganrange of input yangvoltage dapatthat dibacacan olehbe read by the ADC.
PadaOn the ATmega328p, terdapatthere tigaare pilihanthree sumberoptions teganganfor referensi:the reference voltage source:
| REFS1 | REFS0 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | AREF pin | |
| 0 | 1 | AVcc | |
| 1 | 0 | ( |
— |
| 1 | 1 | Internal 2.56V |

PengaruhInfluence of Vref terhadapon resolusieffective efektif:resolution:
| Vref | |
|---|---|
| 5V (AVcc) | 5V / 1024 ≈ 4.88 mV per |
| 2.56V (Internal) | 2.56V / 1024 ≈ 2.5 mV per |
SemakinThe kecilsmaller the Vref, semakinthe halusfiner resolusithe resolution — namunbut rentangthe measurable input yangrange bisais dibacaalso juga lebih kecil.smaller.
5.2 Prescaler
The Prescaler adalahis pembagia frekuensifrequency clockdivider yangthat menentukandetermines kecepatanthe ADC clock darispeed from the main system clock utama sistem (F_CPU). The ADC membutuhkanrequires a clock dalamwithin rentangthe range of 50 kHz – 200 kHz untukfor hasilaccurate yang akurat.results.
PadaOn the ATmega328p (F_CPU = 16 MHz), pilihan prescaler dikonfigurasioptions melaluiare bitconfigured via the ADPS2:ADPS0 dibits registerin ADCSRA:the ADCSRA register:
| ADPS2 | ADPS1 | ADPS0 | ADC Clock ( |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | CLK/2 | 8 MHz |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | CLK/2 | 8 MHz |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | CLK/4 | 4 MHz |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | CLK/8 | 2 MHz |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | CLK/16 | 1 MHz |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | CLK/32 | 500 kHz |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | CLK/64 | 250 kHz |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | CLK/128 | 125 kHz ✅ ( |
Catatan:Note: The recommended ADC clockyangisdirekomendasikan adalah antarabetween 50 kHz–200 kHz.PrescalerA CLK/128padaprescaler at 16 MHzmenghasilkanproduces 125 kHz —beradawelldiwithindalamtherentangoptimaloptimal.range.
5.3 Conversion Rate
Conversion Rate (kecepatanis konversi)the adalahnumber jumlah konversiof ADC yangconversions dapatthat dilakukancan be performed per detik.second. NilainyaIts bergantungvalue padadepends on the ADC clock danand jumlahthe siklusnumber of clock cycles per konversi.conversion.
PadaOn the ATmega328p:
Satu konversiOne ADCmembutuhkanconversion requires 13siklusADC clock cycles (kecualiexceptkonversiforpertamathesetelahfirstenableconversion after enabling = 25siklus)cycles).- Conversion Rate = ADC Clock / 13
| Prescaler | ADC Clock | Conversion Rate |
|---|---|---|
| CLK/64 | 250 kHz | ≈ 19.2 kSPS |
| CLK/128 | 125 kHz | ≈ 9.6 kSPS |
kSPS = kilo Samples Per Second (
ributhousandssampelof samples perdetik)second)
5.4 PengaruhInfluence of Vref, Prescaler, danand Conversion Rate terhadapon AkurasiAccuracy
KetigaThese parameterthree iniparameters salingare berkaitaninterrelated dalamin menentukandetermining kualitasthe hasilquality konversiof ADC,ADC baikconversion dariresults, sisiin resolusi,terms akurasi,of maupunresolution, kemampuanaccuracy, mengikutiand perubahanthe sinyal.ability to track signal changes.
| Parameter | ||
|---|---|---|
| Vref | ||
| Prescaler ( |
||
| Conversion Rate |
Kesimpulan:Conclusion:
- Vref
menentukandetermines the trade-offantarabetweenresolusiresolutiondanandrentangmeasurementpengukuran.range. - The Prescaler
harusmustdipilihbeagarchosenfrekuensiso that the ADCberadafrequencydalamstaysrentangwithin the optimaluntukrangemenjagatoakurasi.maintain accuracy. - The Conversion rate
harusmustcukupbetinggihigh enough (≥ 2×frekuensisignalsinyal,frequency,sesuaiaccordingTeoremato the NyquistyangTheoremakanwhichkalianyoupelajariwillpadalearnpraktikuminTelekomunikasithe 5th-semester5)Telecommunicationsagarlab)sinyalfordapatthedirepresentasikansignaldengantobaik.be well-represented.