1.2 Basic Components

Before we make a digital system circuit, we have to know more about what
component that will be used when making a digital system.

1. Power Supply

1. Power Supply
Power supply is an electrical component that is used to supply electrical power
for other components. Power supply that we mostly use in this lab is battery. On a
battery there are two poles, the positive pole or VCC and the negative pole or GND
(Ground).

2. Cable
Cable (or jumper) is an electrical component that is used to connect between
components, cable allows electrical current to flow from one component to another.

3. Breadboard
Breadboard (or “Protoboard”) is a component that is used to attach electrical
components such as jumper, transistor, resistor, IC etc. When using breadboards we
don’t need to solder wires and components to make a circuit, because of this reason
breadboards are widely used in prototyping a digital circuit.

Breadboard consists of many holes and each hole is connected in a way to a
metal plate. Not all holes in the breadboard are connected to each other, here is the
picture of the breadboard's hole connections.

There are two kinds of connection in a breadboard, vertical and horizontal, the
vertical connection is placed in the top and bottom part of the breadboard whereas the
vertical connection is placed in the middle part.

If you look at the picture, holes that are connected to a line with the same color
share the same connection, when one of the holes in that color is connected to an
electric current the other holes from the same color lines will have the same amount of
current.
4. Integrated Circuit
Integrated Circuit (IC) is an electrical component that consists of hundreds or
even thousands of transistors, diodes, and resistors integrated to form a digital circuit
that has its own function.

Every IC has many pins, and each pin has its own function. We can see the
function of each pin from the datasheet provided by the manufacturer.