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2.1 Function Overloading Definition: Multiple functions with the same name but different parameters. #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; class Printer { public: // Overloaded print functions void print(int value) { cout ...

3.1 Virtual Functions Definition: Functions that can be overridden in derived classes and are resolved at runtime. #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; class Animal { protected: string name; public: Animal(string n) : name(n...

4.1 Complete Example: Drawing Application #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> #include <cmath> using namespace std; // Abstract base class class Shape { protected: string color; double x, y; // Position public: Shape(stri...

What is DP? Dynamic programming (DP) is defined as a powerful design technique that successfully combines the correctness of brute force algorithms with the efficiency of greedy algorithms. The fundamental idea of dynamic programming is to remember the solutio...

DP for Fibonacci Problem To illustrate Dynamic Programming, let's look at the classic Fibonacci Sequence. The rule is simple: each number is the sum of the two preceding ones ($F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2)$), starting with 0 and 1. 1. The Original Solution (Naive Re...

Knapsack Problem Given n items where each item has some weight and profit associated with it and also given a bag with capacity W, [i.e., the bag can hold at most W weight in it]. The task is to put the items into the bag such that the sum of profits associate...