Search Results

In VHDL, a procedure is a type of language construct used to group several statements and specific tasks into a single block of code. Procedures help in organizing and simplifying the understanding of complex VHDL designs. A procedure in VHDL is similar to a v...

In VHDL, a function is a subprogram used to perform calculations or data processing that returns a single value as a result. Functions in VHDL are similar to functions in traditional programming languages such as C or Java, where the main purpose is to compute...

In VHDL, an impure function is a special type of function that is allowed to read or modify signals, variables, or states outside its local scope. Unlike a pure function, which always produces the same output for the same input (no side effects), an impure fun...

In VHDL, both "function" and "procedure" can be used in hardware descriptions, but it should be understood that hardware synthesis is usually more suitable for implementations based on deterministic and synchronous behavior. Therefore, there are several limita...

Criteria Procedure Function Impure Function Purpose Perform tasks without returning a value. Return a value from a calculation. Produce an unpredictable value or one that depends on external factors. Arguments Can have input and/or output arguments. C...

1.1 What is a Linked List? A linked list is a linear data structure where elements are not stored in contiguous memory locations. Instead, each element (called a node) contains: Data: The actual value stored Pointer(s): Reference to the next (and possibly pre...

2.1 Defining a Node In C, a node is typically defined using a structure: // Definition of a node struct Node { int data; // Data part struct Node *next; // Pointer to next node }; Memory Layout: Single Node in Memory: ┌──────────┬──────────...

3.1 Creating an Empty List #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct Node { int data; struct Node *next; }; // Initialize head pointer struct Node *head = NULL; 3.2 Insertion Operations 3.2.1 Insert at Beginning void insertAtBeginning(struct Nod...

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> // Node structure struct Node { int data; struct Node *next; }; // Function prototypes void insertAtBeginning(struct Node **head, int value); void insertAtEnd(struct Node **head, int value); void insertAtPositio...

5.1 Node Structure struct DNode { int data; struct DNode *prev; // Pointer to previous node struct DNode *next; // Pointer to next node }; Visual Representation: NULL ← [prev|10|next] ⇄ [prev|20|next] ⇄ [prev|30|next] → NULL ↑ HEA...

6.1 Structure In a circular linked list, the last node points back to the first node (or head). struct Node { int data; struct Node *next; }; Visual Representation: ┌───────────────────────────┐ ↓ │ HEAD → [10|●] ...

7.1 Reverse a Singly Linked List Method 1: Iterative void reverseList(struct Node **head) { struct Node *prev = NULL; struct Node *current = *head; struct Node *next = NULL; while (current != NULL) { // Store next next = cu...

8.1 Polynomial Addition #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> // Node for polynomial term struct PolyNode { int coeff; // Coefficient int exp; // Exponent struct PolyNode *next; }; // Insert term in descending order of exponent void insertTe...

9.1 Memory Leaks Problem: void createList() { struct Node *head = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); head->data = 10; head->next = NULL; // MEMORY LEAK! head is lost when function returns } Solution: struct Node* createList() { str...

Setelah menyelesaikan modul ini, praktikan diharapkan mampu: Memahami tingkat konsumsi daya pada ESP32 berdasarkan proses yang dijalankan di dalamnya. Mengetahui metode-metode yang ada untuk mengurangi jumlah konsumsi daya ESP32. Mengetahui berbagai konfigura...

Sebagai mikrokontroler, ESP-32 memerlukan pasokan daya yang stabil agar dapat beroperasi dengan optimal. Daya tersebut digunakan oleh core prosesor untuk menjalankan berbagai, serta oleh komponen pendukung seperti I²C, Wi-Fi, dan Bluetooth untuk melakukan komu...

Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat konsumsi daya ESP-32, diantaranya sebagai berikut: Mengurangi Clock Speed CPU Menurunkan clockspeed (kecepatan clock) pada ESP32 dapat secara langsung menurunkan konsumsi daya karena frekuensi clock berpengaru...

Seperti pada tabel sebelumnya, terdapat bebeerapa operating mode yang didukung oleh ESP-32, diantaranya sebagai berikut: Deep Sleep Mode Deep Sleep merupakan mode daya sangat rendah di mana hampir seluruh sistem pada ESP32 dimatikan, sehingga menghasilkan kons...